个人快速交通技术发展现状与应用展望

个人快速交通将进入商业化运营.对个人快速交通的发展历程、类型与技术经济特征进行了较为系统的论述.依据其目前实施情况,给出了可能的应用方向.个人快速交通较适合在下列场合使用:特定场所(如机场、高档开发区等),都市繁华区域短距离联系,市郊有较高活力的区域.为我国城市交通选型提供借鉴.     

成都市域快轨减振措施效果分析

为评价市域快轨的减振效果,以成都市域快轨 18 号线某圆形盾构隧道为例,选取了线路条件基本相同的相近断面,对双层非线性减振扣件、减振垫浮置板、钢弹簧浮置板 3 种减振措施及对应普通道床断面进行现场测试,研究市域快轨减振措施的减振效果。通过对实测数据进行时域、频域和 1/3 倍频程分析,得到不同减振措施和普通断面的隧道壁最大 Z 振级(VLZmax),并对比得到不同减振措施的减振效果;通过对测点的隧道壁振动加速度级及地面振动进行 1/3 倍频程分析,得到振动的传播衰减情况。结果表明：3 种减振措施都有减振效果,双层非线性减振扣件减振效果为 7.3 dB,减振垫浮置板的减振效果为 16.2 dB,钢弹簧浮置板的减振效果最好,达到了19.7 dB。     

城市快速轨道交通空气动力学相关问题探讨

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,其设定的最高速度目标值突破了现行地铁相关规范最高速度的适用范围,许多在低速时可以忽略的空气动力学现象在快速时就变得不容忽视.结合目前的隧道阻塞比,给出城市快速轨道交通所出现的由空气动力学效应引起的相关现象,并结合地铁自身特点进行定性分析,提出相应的减缓措施,以期对进一步的研究提供参考方向,对...     

基于一卡通应用的CPU卡安全性分析

通过对密钥管理、存储结构、数据控制、交易流程等方面分析,对比非接触式CPU卡和逻辑加密卡(M1)的技术特点,分析了CPU卡在城市一卡通应用方面较M1卡安全的技术优势,对CPU卡的规划、开发、使用有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于特征子序列修正的公交刷卡滞后时间推算

针对一票制公共交通IC卡刷卡系统存在的滞后时间问题,提出基于特征子序列修正的时差匹配推算方法。依托GPS车辆到站信息序列和刷卡聚类序列,分析首末站和中途站站间运行时间分布的差异化特征,分别从两序列中提取大时间差和连续小时间差等特征子序列;利用两种子序列间一对一或一对多的对应关系分别进行初步搜索和二次修正,兼顾匹配过程的效率和精度。将推算流程应用于山西省大同市公共汽车系统,结果显示,抽样车辆的刷卡匹配率均达到99%以上,并且针对不同类型的公共汽车线路具有较强的适应性。     

Validating and improving public transport origin–destination estimation algorithm using smart card fare data

Smart card data are increasingly used for transit network planning, passengers’ behaviour analysis and network demand forecasting. Public transport origin–destination (O–D) estimation is a significant product of processing smart card data. In recent years, various O–D estimation methods using the trip-chaining approach have attracted much attention from both researchers and practitioners. However, the validity of these estimation methods has not been extensively investigated. This is mainly because these datasets usually lack data about passengers’ alighting, as passengers are often required to tap their smart cards only when boarding a public transport service. Thus, this paper has two main objectives. First, the paper reports on the implementation and validation of the existing O–D estimation method using the unique smart card dataset of the South-East Queensland public transport network which includes data on both boarding stops and alighting stops. Second, the paper improves the O–D estimation algorithm and empirically examines these improvements, relying on this unique dataset. The evaluation of the last destination assumption of the trip-chaining method shows a significant negative impact on the matching results of the differences between actual boarding/alighting times and the public transport schedules. The proposed changes to the algorithm improve the average distance between the actual and estimated alighting stops, as this distance is reduced from 806 m using the original algorithm to 530 m after applying the suggested improvements.     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

性能卓越的转叶式舵机设计

随着造船新理念的深化,在船舶机械的总体布局中,要求舵机设备逐渐集成紧凑,操作简便且节能环保。分析了Rolls-Royce转叶式舵机的设计与技术特点,通过与其他类型舵机的多个技术参数对比,Rolls-Royce转叶式舵机均具有明显的优势。其设计理念贴合船舶行业节能减排的发展趋势,并能为安装、维护和保养节约成本,因此在中国市场占有率相当高。     

基于SD卡舰舵参数采集传输系统设计

针对目前VDR中舰舵参数的提取困难问题,设计一种以C8051F500单片机为主控制器,SD卡为安全存储介质,GPRS-DTU为传输设备的采集传输系统,实现对舰船自动舵的航向、舵角、位置等参数的采集、存储和传输,为舰船运动模型参数辨识提供实验依据,并能优化自动舵的控制率。